Where did you get "8bit" from? That statement is talking about having 4 or 8 channels for readout. Which it turns out has nothing to do with how this works anyway (it was just suspected at the time this PDF was written).
Initially the 5D3 and 7D were the only ones with obviously duplicated register values in hex for CMOS ISO. For example:
0x00 => ISO 100
0x11 => ISO 200
0x22 => ISO 400
0x33 => ISO 800
0x44 => ISO 1600
and so forth.
We get dual ISO by setting those registers to something like this:
0x03 => ISO 100/800
0x14 => ISO 200/1600
0x42 => ISO 1600/400
The other cameras didn't have obviously duplicated values in hex like this, but if you look at them in binary, the patterns become apparent (the registers didn't repeat in groups of 4 bits, so it wasn't apparent from just looking at the values in hex, they might have instead repeated in groups of 3 or 5 or whatever, or there might have been extra bits as padding or other flags).
For example, here's what the 60D looks like:
0x00 => ISO 100
0x24 => ISO 200
0x48 => ISO 400
0x6c => ISO 800
0x90 => ISO 1600
I'll leave it as an exercise for you to figure out the repeating pattern (hint: write it out in binary).