"extremely urgent and important" doesn't go particularly well with "experimental firmware hack" so if this doesn't work out, chuck it to experience and next time have a more fool proof way of shooting critical footage.
As far as the data, first of all, they're not Photoshop (PS) files, they're .raw so don't try to open them up with Photoshop because it won't work. Since your footage appeared, then disappeared, I wonder if this is a case where your CF card reader might have messed up the card? What reader are you using? There have been reports of some readers messing up the card data.
Can you playback the takes in camera? That should tell you if the files are still on there somewhere. Make sure the appropriate modules for file browsing and playback are loaded in ML.
If the files are still on the card, and you can play them back in camera, then you probably need to find yourself a different CF card reader and see if that allows you to transfer the files to the hard drive.